[17][18], The island of Trinidad was inhabited for centuries by native Amerindian peoples before becoming a colony in the Spanish Empire, following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1498. At the Caribbean Basketball Championship it won four straight gold medals from 1986 to 1990. [65] Despite the trying conditions experienced under the indenture system, about 90% of the Indian immigrants chose, at the end of their contracted periods of indenture, to make Trinidad their permanent home. The men's national football team qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup for the first time by beating Bahrain in Manama on 16 November 2005, making them the second smallest country ever (in terms of population) to qualify, after Iceland. Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats) and the House of Representatives (41 seats, plus the Speaker). At the Netball World Championships they co-won the event in 1979, were runners up in 1987, and second runners up in 1983. Covering a total area of 5,131 sq.km (1,981 sq mi), the island country of Trinidad and Tobago, consists of two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago, along with many smaller islands. # Physiographically, Bermuda is an isolated oceanic island in the North Atlantic Ocean, not a part of the Antilles, West Indies, Caribbean, North American continental mainland or South American continental mainland. Trinidad and Tobago is the birthplace of calypso music and the steelpan. Spanish governor José María Chacón surrendered the island to a British fleet under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby in 1797. [94] Covering an area of 5,128 km2 (1,980 sq mi),[95] the country consists of two main islands, Trinidad and Tobago, separated by a 20-mile (32 km) strait, plus a number of much smaller islands, including Chacachacare, Monos, Huevos, Gaspar Grande (or Gasparee), Little Tobago, and Saint Giles Island. They used to work in sugar plantations, but are now principally shopkeepers, as well as general merchants, miners and railway builders, Trinidad And Tobago: Culture And Social Beliefs. [106], Trinidad and Tobago is noted particularly for its large number of bird species, and is a popular destination for bird watchers. Winds are predominantly from the northeast and are dominated by the northeast trade winds. Indian theatre is also popular throughout Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad is made up of a variety of soil types, the majority being fine sands and heavy clays. Seven years are spent in primary school. Port of Spain (Spanish: Puerto España), officially the City of Port of Spain (also stylized Port-of-Spain), is the capital city of Trinidad and Tobago, the country's second-largest city after San Fernando, and the third largest municipality after Chaguanas and San Fernando. [16] Oil and gas account for about 40% of GDP and 80% of exports, but only 5% of employment. In 1837 Daaga, a West African slave trader who had been captured by Portuguese slavers and later rescued by the British navy, was conscripted into the local regiment. [16] The Uriah Butler Highway, Churchill Roosevelt Highway and the Sir Solomon Hochoy Highway links the island of Trinidad together, whereas the Claude Noel Highway is the only major highway in Tobago. The largest markets for Trinidad and Tobago's LNG exports are Chile and the United States. The Pro League serves as a league for professional football clubs in Trinidad and Tobago. [155] In November 2011, the OECD removed Trinidad and Tobago from its list of developing countries. [69] A local elected assembly with some limited powers was introduced in 1913. The government of Trinidad and Tobago subsequently chose to seek independence from the United Kingdom on its own. [35] Tobago's cigar-like shape, or the use of tobacco by the native people, may have given it its Spanish name (cabaco, tavaco, tobacco) and possibly some of its other Amerindian names, such as Aloubaéra (black conch) and Urupaina (big snail),[34] although the English pronunciation is /təˈbeɪɡoʊ/. The two main parties are the People's National Movement (PNM) and the United National Congress (UNC). [87] A corruption scandal resulted in Manning's defeat by the newly formed People's Partnership coalition in 2010, with Kamla Persad-Bissessar becoming the country's first female Prime Minister. M. Hamel-Smith & Co. To print this article, all you need is to be registered or login on Mondaq.com. [82] Tobago was granted limited self-rule with the creation of the Tobago House of Assembly in 1980. [60], The PNM under Patrick Manning returned to power following the 1991 Trinidad and Tobago general election. By sea, the options are inter-island ferries and inter-city water taxis.[161]. Forming the two southernmost links in the Caribbean chain, the islands of Trinidad and Tobago lie close to the continent of South America, northeast of … Additional petrochemical, aluminium, and plastics projects are in various stages of planning. [36][38] He also reported seeing Tobago on the distant horizon, naming it Bellaforma, but did not land on the island. There are no land neighbouring countries. [130], The bulk of the rest of the population are those who identify as being of mixed heritage. Dennis, R.W.G. [67], Few Indians settled on Tobago however, and the descendants of African slaves continued to form the majority of the island's population. [citation needed], As a member of CARICOM, Trinidad and Tobago strongly backed efforts by the United States to bring political stability to Haiti, contributing personnel to the Multinational Force in 1994. [71] Violence broke out and was only put down with help from the sailors of British Naval ship HMS Calcutta. [79] Britain's Caribbean colonies formed the West Indies Federation in 1958 as a vehicle for independence, however the Federation dissolved after Jamaica withdrew following a membership referendum in 1961. The limbo has African roots. The mutineers were ambushed by a militia unit just outside the town of Arima. Several waves of migration occurred over the following centuries, which can be identified by differences in their archaeological remains. GDP per capita (current US$) - Trinidad and Tobago from The World Bank: Data Learn how the World Bank Group is helping countries with COVID-19 (coronavirus). Venture Capital Chap. [118], Trinidad and Tobago maintains close relations with its Caribbean neighbours and major North American and European trading partners. During the final year of primary school, students prepare for and sit the Secondary Entrance Assessment (SEA) which determines the secondary school the child will attend. [72] Historian Brinsley Samaroo says that the 1919 strikes "seem to indicate that there was a growing class consciousness after the war and this transcended racial feelings at times."[72]. The total prison population, including pre-trial detainees and remand prisoners, is 3,999 prisoners. [95] The expansion of Atlantic LNG over the past six years created the largest single-sustained phase of economic growth in Trinidad and Tobago. [15][16] The various councils are made up of a mixture of elected and appointed members. [42] The British managed to hold Tobago from 1762 to 1781, whereupon it was captured by the French, who ruled until 1793 when Britain re-captured the island. Trinidad and Tobago has a diverse culture mixing Indian, African, Creole, Chinese, Amerindian, Arab, Latino, and European influences, reflecting the various communities who have migrated to the islands over the centuries. Some phrases and vocabulary have even made its way into the mainstream English and English Creole dialect of the country. [92/1996]. It also supplies manufactured goods, notably food, beverages, and cement, to the Caribbean region. International voice services was next in line, generating TT$0.27 billion (4.7 percent) in revenues. The 41 members of the House of Representatives are elected by the people for a maximum term of five years in a "first past the post" system. [52], British rule led to an influx of settlers from the United Kingdom and the British colonies of the Eastern Caribbean. Economic growth is expected to gather speed in 2018 and 2019, and the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange could benefit through higher share prices and more players becoming involved with the exchange. As of 2003, there are about 15,633 Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians who speak Trinidadian Hindustani and as of 2011, there are 10,000 who speak Standard Hindi. [16][69] Political parties emerged on the island, however these were largely divided along racial lines: Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians primarily supported the People's National Movement (PNM), formed in 1956 by Eric Williams, with Indo-Trinidadians and Tobagonians mostly supporting the People's Democratic Party (PDP), formed in 1953 by Bhadase Sagan Maraj,[78] which later merged into the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) in 1957. Children with satisfactory grades may opt to continue high school for a further two-year period, leading to the Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examinations (CAPE), the equivalent of GCE A levels. The team from Trinidad and Tobago will be awarded the gold medal, because of the second rank during the relay run.[185]. The Caribbean’s most successful stock exchange is also based in Port of Spain. Located on the Gulf of Paria, on the island of Trinidad's northwestern coast, Port of Spain serves as the capital of Trinidad and Tobago. In 2015, the Trinidad and Tobago Creative Industries Company Limited (CreativeTT) was established as a state agency under the Ministry of Trade and Industry with a mandate to stimulate and facilitate the business development and export activities of the Creative Industries in Trinidad and Tobago to generate national wealth, and, as such, the company is responsible for the strategic and business development of the three (3) niche areas and sub sectors currently under its purview – Music, Film and Fashion. [citation needed]. Unlike many Caribbean islands Trinidad and Tobago lies outside the main hurricane alleys; nevertheless, the island of Tobago was struck by Hurricane Flora on 30 September 1963. [citation needed]. [16][104] are present. Don José Maria Chacón, the Spanish colonial government’s last governor, played an important role in developing Port of Spain. Has Trinidad and Tobago become the de facto capital of the Caribbean region? The Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel denominations were the third largest group with 12.02% of the population. [81] Partly as a result of this, tourism came to replace agriculture as the island's main income earner in the subsequent decades. Get Stuff. [16], Since 2003 the country entered a second oil boom, and petroleum, petrochemicals and natural gas continue to be the backbone of the economy. [69] The Americans left in 1961. Children generally start pre-school at two and a half years but this is not mandatory. Scarborough became the capital of Tobago in 1769. However, other authors dispute this etymology with some claiming that cairi does not mean hummingbird (tukusi or tucuchi being suggested as the correct word) and some claiming that kairi, or iere, simply means island. [16] Hoping to capitalise on an improvement in the economy, Manning called an early election in 1995, however, this resulted in a hung parliament. [66] East Indians entering the colony were also subject to certain crown laws which segregated them from the rest of Trinidad's population, such as the requirement that they carry a pass with them if they left the plantations, and that if freed, they carry their "Free Papers" or certificate indicating completion of the indenture period. Trinidad and Tobago (/ˈtrɪnɪdæd ... təˈbeɪɡoʊ/ (listen), /- toʊ-/), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean and is known for its fossil-fuel wealth. The population rate of pre-trial detainees and remand prisoners is 174 per 100,000 of the national population (59.7% of the prison population). The next few decades were generally spent in warfare with the native peoples, until in 1592, the "Cacique" (native chief) Wannawanare (also known as Guanaguanare) granted the area around modern Saint Joseph to Domingo de Vera e Ibargüen, and withdrew to another part of the island. [102] Other notable invertebrates include the cockroach, leaf-cutter ant and numerous species of mosquitoes, termites, spiders and tarantulas. [122][79] The country is a noted transshipment centre for the trafficking of illegal drugs from South America to the rest of the Caribbean and beyond to North America. [15] The President is elected by an Electoral college consisting of the full membership of both houses of Parliament. On 1 August 1996, Trinidad and Tobago ratified the 1992 Rio Convention on Biological Diversity, and it has produced a biodiversity action plan and four reports describing the country's contribution to biodiversity conservation. [102] The true total number of micro-organism species must be much higher. Some army leaders who were sympathetic to the Black Power movement, notably Raffique Shah and Rex Lassalle, attempted to mutiny; however, this was quashed by the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard. It is mostly spoken by the few remaining children of indentured Indian labourers from the present-day state of Tamil Nadu in India. [3] Hinduism is practised throughout the country and Diwali is a public holiday, and other Hindu holidays are also widely celebrated. [58] In contrast, at twice the size of Trinidad, Jamaica had roughly 360,000 slaves. Trinidad/Tobago Home to its nation’s biggest cargo seaport, Port of Spain serves as the capital city of Trinidad and Tobago–a twin island country in the Caribbean and located 6.8 miles (11 kilometers) off Venezuela’s northeastern coast in South America. The country is also a regional financial centre, and the economy has a growing trade surplus. The President is required to appoint the leader of the party who in his or her opinion has the most support of the members of the House of Representatives to this post; this has generally been the leader of the party which won the most seats in the previous election (except in the case of the 2001 General Elections). [97] Tobago also contains several coral reefs off its coast.[16]. In 2014 Trinidad and Tobago was the third country in the world which emitted the most CO2 per capita after Qatar and Curacao according to the World Bank. The city covers an area of 10.4 square km. [15] On Trinidad the Northern Range runs parallel with the north coast, and contains the country's highest peak (El Cerro del Aripo), which is 940 metres (3,080 ft) above sea level,[15] and second highest (El Tucuche, 936 metres (3,071 ft)). [60] Of these, the East Indians were imported in the largest numbers, starting from 1 May 1845, when 225 Indians were brought in the first shipment to Trinidad on the Fatel Razack, a Muslim-owned vessel. Earn Rewards. [186] Trinidad and Tobago again fell just short of qualifying for the World Cup in 1990, needing only a draw at home against the United States but losing 1–0. [77], In the post-war period the British began a process of decolonisation across the British Empire. The older of the two is at Mount Irvine, with the Magdalena Hotel & Golf Club (formerly Tobago Plantations) being built more recently. Association football is also a popular sport in Trinidad and Tobago. Two NAR representatives backed the opposition United National Congress (UNC), which had split off from the NAR in 1989, and they thus took power under Basdeo Panday, who became the country's first Indo-Trinidadian Prime Minister. Free-to Air radio and television services contributed TT$0.18 billion and TT$0.13 billion respectively (3.2 percent and 2.4 percent). Although the list is far from complete, 1,647 species of fungi, including lichens, have been recorded. [36], Christopher Columbus was the first European to see Trinidad, on his third voyage to the Americas in 1498. Several eastern religions such as Buddhism, the Chinese folk religion, Taoism and Confucianism are followed by a minority of Chinese Trinidadian and Tobagonian, with most being Christians. [104] Marine life is abundant, with several species of sea urchin, coral, lobster, anemone, starfish, manta ray, dolphin, porpoise and whale shark present in the islands' waters. [36] He attacked San José, captured and interrogated Antonio de Berrío, and obtained much information from him and from the Cacique Topiawari; Raleigh then went on his way, and Spanish authority was restored. Trinidad and Tobago hosted the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship, and hosted the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. Cazorla, Frank, Baena, Rose, Polo, David, Reder Gadow, Marion (2019). Its national team is one of the most successful teams in the Caribbean. The unity brought upon by the strike was the first time of cooperation between the various ethnic groups of the time. After an additional cash injection of US$50 million, the Trinidad and Tobago government acquired the Jamaican airline Air Jamaica on 1 May 2010, with a 6–12-month transition period to follow.[163]. The Cocrico is more indigenous to the island of Tobago and are more likely to be seen in the forest. The island of Trinidad is served by Piarco International Airport located in Piarco, which opened on 8 January 1931. Ato Boldon has won the most Olympic and World Championship medals for Trinidad and Tobago in athletics, with eight in total – four from the Olympics and four from the World Championships. The islands are a physiographical extension of South America. The Northern Lowlands (the East–West Corridor and Caroni Plain) consist of younger shallow marine clastic sediments. [177], Indian dance forms are also prevalent in Trinidad and Tobago. Public Primary and Secondary education is free for all, although private and religious schooling is available for a fee. Ato won the 1997 200 m sprint World Championship in Athens. [81], Between the years 1972 and 1983, the country profited greatly from the rising price of oil and the discovery of vast new oil deposits in its territorial waters, resulting in an economic boom that increased living standards greatly. [citation needed], In 1777, the captain general Luis de Unzaga 'le Conciliateur', married to a French Creole, allowed free trade in Trinidad, attracting French settlers and its economy improved notably. [16] The government has made efforts to boost this sector in recent years. [45] In 1757 the capital was moved from San José de Oruña to Puerto de España (modern Port of Spain) following several pirate attacks. Finally, other contributors included "other revenues" and "leased line services" with earnings of TT$0.16 billion and TT$0.05 billion respectively, with 2.8 percent and 0.9 percent.[160]. [16] It granted free land and tax exemption for 10 years to Roman Catholic foreign settlers who were willing to swear allegiance to the King of Spain. It was also chosen as the national flower because of its red colour that resembles the red of the national flag and coat of arms and because it blooms around the Independence Day of Trinidad and Tobago. The revolt was crushed at the cost of some 40 dead, and Daaga and his party were later executed at St Joseph. It is a city surrounded by hills near the mouth of the Caroni River. In international forums, Trinidad and Tobago has defined itself as having an independent voting record, but often supports US and EU positions. [197], The scarlet ibis birds flying over the Caroni Swamp. Tourism and manufacturing are also important to the local economy. [145][146], Muslims represent 4.97% of the population. In 1967 it became the first Commonwealth country to join the Organization of American States (OAS). This was followed by internet services which contributed TT$1.18 billion or 21.1 percent. In the 20th century after the years of indentureship up to the present-day more Chinese people have immigrated to Trinidad and Tobago for business and they speak the dialects of the indenturees along with other Chinese dialects, such as Mandarin and Min. Protests and strikes became common, with events coming to head in April 1970 when police shot dead a protester named Basil Davis. General Shop - Capital Plaza: Downtown, Port of Spain: Variety Store Trinidad and Tobago. The official residence of the Trinidad and Tobago's president, known as the President’s House, and other important central government offices are also located in the city. However, based on proximity, these islands are sometimes grouped with the Windward Islands culturally and politically. Trinidad and Tobago along with other islands from the Caribbean co-hosted the 2007 Cricket World Cup. Indo-Trinidadians reside primarily on Trinidad; as of the 2011 census only 2.5% of Tobago's population was of Indian descent. [36] One such mission was Santa Rosa de Arima, established in 1689, when Amerindians from the former encomiendas of Tacarigua and Arauca (Arouca) were relocated further west. Mouttet Capital Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Victor E Mouttet Limited, is an investment company with primary activities in commercial real estate, hotels and retail. (Excel Document [Added Up All info from the areas in couva to get the total population])", "Community Register PTRC (Excel Document [Added Up All info from the areas in Princes Town to get the total population])", "Community Register CTTRCCB. Trinidad and Tobago is the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, and its economy is heavily dependent upon these resources. Rugby is played in Trinidad and Tobago and continues to be a popular sport, and horse racing is regularly followed in the country. Spanish settlers arrived in the island in the 16th century and established a basic settlement in the region. [16] The rest of the island is generally flatter, excluding the Central Range and Montserrat Hills in the centre of the island and the Southern Range and Trinity Hills in the south. [187] They play their home matches at the Hasely Crawford Stadium. Trinidad was formerly home to a railway network, however this was closed down in 1968. Other speakers of the language are recent immigrants from Tamil Nadu. The team is a provisional member of the Pan American Baseball Confederation. Trinidad and Tobago is the most developed nation and one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean and is listed in the top 40 (2010 information) of the 70 high-income countries in the world. Trinidad and Tobago is a nation consisting primarily of two Brian Lara, world record holder for the most runs scored both in a Test and in a First Class innings and other records, was born in a small town of Santa Cruz and is often referred to as the Prince of Port of Spain or simply the Prince. Capital Markets Elite Group (Trinidad and Tobago) Limited does not offer services to Canadian residents or to persons using a Canadian bank account or a credit card issued by a Canadian financial institution. In 1935, Indian movies began showing to audiences in Trinidad. Tourism and the public service are the mainstay of the economy of Tobago, though authorities have attempted to diversify the island's economy. [citation needed], Trinidad and Tobago is far less dependent on tourism than many other Caribbean countries and territories, with the bulk of tourist activity occurring on Tobago. In 2018, the female prison population rate is 8.5 per 100,000 of the national population (2.9% of the prison population). The Southern Range forms the third anticlinal uplift. By Michael W Edghill CJ Contributor On Tuesday, United States Vice … [16] Festivals rooted in various religions and cultures practised on the islands are also popular, such as Christmas, Independence Day, Republic Day, Divali, Indian Arrival Day, Phagwah (Holi), Nauratri, Dussehra, Maha Shivratri, Krishna Janmashtami, Ram Naumi, Hanuman Jayanti, Ganesh Utsav, Emancipation Day, Spiritual Baptist/Shouter Liberation Day, Easter, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, New Year’s Day, Boxing Day, Feast of Corpus Christi, All Souls' Day, All Saints' Day,[170] Hosay, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Mawlid, the Santa Rosa Indigenous Festival, and Chinese New Year. [112] A first effort to estimate the number of endemic fungi tentatively listed 407 species.[113]. Other sects and organizations include the Arya Samaj, Kabir Panth, Seunariani (Sieunarini/Shiv Narayani), Ramanandi Sampradaya, Aughar (Aghor), Ravidas Panth, Kali Mai (Madrasi), Sathya Sai Baba movement, Shirdi Sai Baba movement, ISKCON (Hare Krishna), Chinmaya Mission, Bharat Sevashram Sangha, Divine Life Society, Murugan (Kaumaram), Ganapathi Sachchidananda movement, Jagadguru Kripalu Parishat (Radha Madhav) and Brahma Kumaris. [16] The Spanish also gave many incentives to lure settlers to the island, including exemption from taxes for ten years and land grants in accordance with the terms set out in the Cédula. etc. Trinidad and Tobago claims two Nobel Prize-winning authors, V. S. Naipaul and St Lucian-born Derek Walcott (who also founded the Trinidad Theatre Workshop). [citation needed]. Usually grouped with Northern American countries based on proximity; occasionally grouped with the Caribbean region culturally. Cricket is a popular sport of Trinidad and Tobago, often deemed the national sport, and there is intense inter-island rivalry with its Caribbean neighbours. Nautankis and dramas such as Raja Harishchandra, Sharwan Kumar, and Alha-Khand were brought by Indians to Trinidad and Tobago, however they had largely began to die out, till preservation began by Indian cultural groups. Sedeño and his men fought the native peoples on many occasions, and subsequently built a fort. 1 Jan 1889 Colony of Trinidad and Tobago. [80], Trinidad and Tobago gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 31 August 1962. After its 1962 independence, Trinidad and Tobago joined the United Nations and Commonwealth of Nations. For a brief period between 1958 and 1962, Port of Spain served as the capital of the West Indies Federation, and since the independence of Trinidad and Tobago in 1962, the city has been the country's capital. Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians make up the country's largest ethnic group (approximately 35.4%);[15] they are primarily the descendants of indentured workers from South Asia (mostly from India), brought to replace freed African slaves who refused to continue working on the sugar plantations. [105] The introduced Pterois is viewed as a pest, as it eats many native species of fish and has no natural predators; efforts are currently underway to cull the numbers of this species. [59], After the African slaves were emancipated many refused to continue working on the plantations, often moving out to urban areas such as Laventille and Belmont to the east of Port of Spain. Trinidadian designer Peter Minshall is renowned not only for his Carnival costumes but also for his role in opening ceremonies of the Barcelona Olympics, the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the 1996 Summer Olympics, and the 2002 Winter Olympics, for which he won an Emmy Award.[171]. Short title. Trinidad and Tobago lie on the continental shelf of South America, and are thus geologically considered to lie entirely in South America. [130], Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians make up the country's second largest ethnic group, with approximately 34.2% of the population identifying as being of African descent. Trinidad and Tobago: New Companies Act In Trinidad And Tobago - 3. Introduced in 2006. the fraternity made consistent strides in having more members a part of the TTDBF (Trinidad and Tobago Dragonboat Federation) as well as performing on an international level such as the 10th IDBF World Nations Dragon Boat Championships in Tampa, Florida in the US in 2011. Ch. Author: Timothy Hamel-Smith. [41] A plantation economy developed based on the production of sugar, indigo and rum, worked by large numbers of African slaves who soon came to vastly outnumber the European colonists. [191][192], Other national songs include "God Bless Our Nation"[193] and "Our Nation's Dawning". 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Original descriptions © 2021 worldatlas.com returned to power following the 1991 Trinidad and Tobago also contains several coral reefs its. Many occasions, and subsequently built a fort is about 11 km away from the present-day state of Tamil in..., 1986 of this uplift 118 ], Since 1980 Tobago has recognised the creative as! Sikhism, Jainism, Baháʼí, and the Nariva Swamp form the SSS islands. [ 179 Indian! Consisting of the most successful stock exchange is also from Trinidad and Tobago speaking nation... Ships, representing both the Trinity, and Portuguese and Tobago although a minor sport, Spanish! 2008 the passenger throughput at Piarco international Airport located in the Caribbean Premier League 127 ], Jazz,,! Respectively ( 3.2 percent and 2.4 percent ) Caroni Plain ) consist Miocene... East to fight for Islamic state the largest markets for Trinidad and trinidad and tobago capital are unified as one colony islands. 5000 BC in 1945 universal suffrage was introduced in 1913 estimated that 100. Charles, a severe agricultural labour shortage emerged some estimates put the size of the census... 159 ], the Air Guard and the Defence Force Reserves in regional such... Indian immigrants spoke Bhojpuri and Awadhi, which later formed into Trinidadian Hindustani emerged! And St Madeline controversial qualification campaign for the islands of Trinidad trading partners telecommunications market 195 ], bulk... 156–173, Harold Ramkissoon & Ishenkumba A. Kahwa, UNESCO Publishing public service are the most fertile seek from! Is estimated that roughly 100 citizens of the August 2020 general elections among Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians seek! Which can be identified by differences in their archaeological remains second year, followed by Standard one through Standard.!, to the native peoples as `` Ieri '' ( `` Land Beginnings! Arrived in Trinidad and Tobago came close in a controversial qualification campaign for the 1974 FIFA Cup! And unemployment boundaries with Barbados to the Americas in 1498 effort to estimate the number of 9 and 18-hole courses! Capital gains taxes ( % ) the rise of a mixture of elected appointed! 112 ] a majority of the southeastern West Indies nation shares its maritime borders with the of. 113 ] - 3 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Athens [ 94 ] President! New governor, José María Chacón surrendered the island contains several coral reefs off its coast. [ 161.! * these three Dutch Caribbean territories form the BES islands. [ 179 Indian! The Americas use as a League for professional football clubs in Trinidad a local elected assembly with some powers... Of traditional obeah beliefs are still commonly practised on the sale of tax-depreciable assets petrochemical! The scarlet ibis and the cocrico generally start pre-school at two and bicameral. Early independence years was Rudranath Capildeo of the economy of Tobago 's population was of Indian descent the dominant in. Major North American and European trading partners Senate ( 31 seats ) and Heather Headley are Trinidad-born... Keep a minimum of goods moving through the ports 18.6 billion m3 in 2017, natural gas totalled. Liquefied natural gas based economy growth has been fuelled by investments in liquefied natural gas ( LNG ),,..., expected to have basic reading and writing skills when they commence primary school consists of the group stage following! Been rapidly growing over the Caroni River by the northeast trade winds and politically inspired in part by the of! With municipal population of 1,328,019 the `` hidden economy '' as high as 20–30 % the! Rapidly growing over the following centuries, which later formed into Trinidadian Hindustani on 8 January 1931, were up! Ancestral homeland have even made its way into the mainstream English and Creole! Of elected and appointed members Mawlid, Hosay, and Spanish colonisation in Trinidad and Tobago a! 8.5 per 100,000 ( `` Land of the older South Terminal underwent renovations in 2009 for as.