Lenin considered that for a series of more capitalist developed countries such types of measures would be unnecessary. Points of View Reference Center. This also concerned their aims for the USSR, with plans and practices to erode socialism from within, exploiting the approach of the USSR through its diverse diplomatic, military, economic missions and mechanisms. It aims to achieve an equitable and efficient distribution of social goods and greater economic planning then exist under capitalism. On the contrary, the second bloc were hoping for such an attack by the first, that on the one hand would strike the Soviet Union, and on the other hand, would weaken Germany and nullify its aspirations. That system is socialism. In … Secondly, capitalism is a better economic lifestyle because it limits the power of the government. As much as it may seem to be a peripheral or secondary issue in relation to the outcome of the struggle between capitalism and socialism, in relation to the intensity of this struggle during the two World Wars, it is anything but. Capitalism and Socialism are both types of systems in different societies throughout the world that have been successful at times, but also not so fortunate in it's success at other times throughout history. This argument is unfounded, and neither is it confirmed by the programmatic intentions that were initially declared by these governments, nor by the historical developments (labor conflict with bourgeois forces). Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Italy) or in countries which had been subjected to fascist occupation, such as Greece or Yugoslavia. Socialism is a series of political and sociological arguments that convey a desire to create a society that transcends capitalism. The International Communist Movement must be deeply aware of all the aspects and conclusions of World War II, not be afraid of the truth of its weaknesses and mistakes, but also “not to throw the baby out with the bathwater”, that is, to defend the socialist character of the USSR, to judge its policy from the point of view of the consolidation, endurance, and deepening of the new communist relations at all levels, domestically and internationally. It is a precondition for preparation so that under revolutionary conditions, the new revolutionary advance for a communist society will be waged decisively and be consolidated. In conclusion, capitalism stands out since it offers freedom of choice and ownership of resources, and it offers an opportunity for healthy competition. Also, if you have a comment about a particular piece of work on this website, please go to the page where that work is displayed and post a comment on it. We are interested in the relationship of the revolutionary leader personality with the specific economic – social – political conditions within which it develops, evolves and acts as a revolutionary personality. Capitalism is centered around competition and privatization while Socialism is driven by social equality. Socialistic countries are the complete opposite, which means that their products are sold at prices set by the government and the idea of “individual or corporate profits” are unheard of (Walker). In conclusion, both capitalism and socialism have their high and low points. The Chinese government saw how bad socialism was for the economy, so in 1989, they designed an experiment that allowed Beijing to participate in the free market. "Point: Capitalism is Still the Best Economic Alternative." The socialist government satisfies human needs, and the capitalist government lets you earn the money. Points of View: Capitalism vs. Socialism (2009): 3. Kramnick, Isaac, and Frederick M Watkins. Socialism is often seen as the half-way mark capitalism and communism. This problem is not negated by the fact that for some countries, e.g. Investigating the course of the class struggle to overthrow capitalism and build socialism-communism during the 20th century is a great challenge for the communist movement. Other developments, which were the product of the USSR-US-UK-France correlation, such as the formation of two states in Germany, ultimately proved unsustainable (division of Berlin, assimilation of part of it into capitalist Germany), constantly fueling counter-revolutionary actions that prevented the revolutionary transition from capitalism to socialism. We try to make TeenInk.com the best site it can be, and we take your feedback very seriously. The issue of estimating the correlation of forces in relation to the formation of the states as they were established territorially after the Second World War, but also their political establishment, was not realistically assessed by the CPs, by the CPSU itself. I would like to remind you that socialism has many branches, including Communism and Fascism. Points of View Reference Center. In addition, other revolutionary uprisings, e.g. Capitalism is a better economic system because it allows individuals to make their own decisions and to do well because they are self-motivated, it limits the power that a government has, and it helps the country become more technologically advanced and better educated. These issues occupied the Soviet state from the very moment it achieved power. Socialism is the economic system in which the government controls and makes all the decisions. It was quickly reaffirmed that a factor of imperialist aggression was not only German (or Italian, Japanese, etc.) However, this ability is judged by the dialectical relationship between the revolutionary leader personality and the collective function of the Party, by the relationship of the scientific-class approach. Undoubtedly it is a matter that needs to be studied as its theoretical generalization has not been fully and satisfactorily developed, while the historical experience of the KKE and the CPSU at least, offer important material for such a study, especially during the critical decades 1930, 1940, and 1950. Socialism. On the other hand, socialism emerged during the epoch of the industrial revolution as a means to counter the oppression perpetrated by the rich on the disadvantaged. As Adam Smith said, "Self-interest is the basic motivator of human action." In conclusion, we would say that revolutionary leadership, the distinct personalities of revolutionary leaders, are judged beyond intentions and dispositions, by their ability to respond appropriately and promptly to the tasks set before them each time – this is also what distinguishes the Party’s vanguard. Capitalists prefer private ownership of the means of production and businesses because “power is diffused between many businesses, rather than concentrated in a central government” (Walter), and because one of the main beliefs of capitalism is that “businesses thrive when people have a personal interest in their work” (Walter). Conclusions on the Transition from Capitalism to Socialism THE SLIPPERY SLOPE OF “PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE”. This resulted in a 7-year delay in the creation of the first Five-Year Central Plan and the more than 10-year existence of the Kulaks. Under these new conditions, the Soviet Union sought a new, more favorable balance of power, mainly towards its Western borders. The difference was that now in World War II the bargaining power of the USSR was stronger, while the class fear of the capitalist states was heightened over developments that could lead to overthrows in a series of countries, among them Greece and Italy. Socialism differs from capitalism in a sense that the means of production and distribution in a society are collectively rather than privately owned. I am a capitalist, and am currently reading The Wealth of Nations, by Adam Smith. That is, under conditions where bourgeois power had already demonstrated a deep political crisis, instability, either during the withdrawal of the occupying forces, or during the defeat of the aggressors. Points of View Reference Center. Goods and wages are distributed unequally on the basis of the work performed” (Walter). It is no coincidence that similar historical epochs, dense in landmark events and complexity of social developments – such as the era of transition from feudalism to capitalism, or even further back, from slavery to feudalism – are still being explored, important facts and processes that led to qualitative shifts are still being uncovered and interpreted. Points of View: Capitalism vs. Socialism (2009): 2. As with any philosophy, there are positive and negative aspects. Socialists claim that a capitalistic economy leads to inequality, with unfair distribution of wealth and individuals who use their power at the expense of society. And, finally, means of production are “the tools—such as land, machinery, natural resources, and factories—used in the production of goods” (Walter). However, this does not mean the end of history ( Fukuyama, 1989 ), as history will be with us for as long as we are surrounded by conflicts of interests and the attendant clashes. The battles at Stalingrad were the turning point for the outcome of World War II, even for non-communist forces, regardless of their degree of class political consciousness. As early as the 1940s, towards the end of World War II, Soviet diplomatic and negotiation moves, as well as its stance towards other Communist parties, were impacted by the problem of ideologizing the foreign policy of the USSR. They took advantage of the confusion or even the complete disorientation created by the Anti-fascist Alliance in the strategy of the International Communist Movement, in dozens of CPs of countries that in one way or another had experienced war (Greece, Italy, France, Belgium, Austria, etc. Conclusion Generator; Title Page Maker; Hire Writer. Undoubtedly, in the decade that followed, the class struggle intensified. It is through all these things that a country becomes successful in trade and business, which leads to more money, more scientific and medical discoveries, and overall, a better quality of living for its people. A country that has that ability to “adapt to the increasing and changing demands for a variety of goods and services” (Goodwin) will be more technologically advanced and will be up to date with the latest and greatest changes and discoveries being made to make life, work, and education easier, healthier, and better for all of mankind. From this standpoint, the CPs of capitalist countries could and should have understood, and not taken a position against the tactical moves of the Soviet Union to gain time (e.g. In conclusion, both capitalism and socialism have their high and low points, but in the end, capitalism is by far the better way to run an economy. Walter, Andrew. Web. However, the factors that shape the “next day” and concern the class struggle are more complex. These changes must play a role in “the conquest of the next day by which class” and not only or not mainly be determined by negotiations between the countries that won the war, in this particular case by the allies, but class different states, the USSR-USA-UK. Another main idea of capitalism is the “profit and loss system, wherein businesses that fail to make ends meet often are forced to shut their doors” (Walter). Socialism is “the economic system under which the government owns and administrates the means of production and distribution of goods. People often think of China as being a model socialist country, but this is far from the truth. Socialism for instance requires that there should be equal opportunity and that property should be divided equally while capitalism upholds that individuals have the right to own property. The communist parties, even though they led the armed liberation struggle, eg in Greece, or the anti-fascist struggle, eg in Italy, could not connect that struggle with the struggle for the conquest of power under revolutionary conditions. A key issue is how the foreign policy of the worker’s state under socialist construction can be determined under unfavorable conditions, that is conditions of imperialist aggression, surrounded by powerful capitalist states. It needs to be explored whether it followed the problematic logic that the weakening of Germany (by depriving its military industry or its partition, etc.) Make it worth watching. counter-revolutionary forces and sabotage), but at the same time the contradictions intensified: Adoption of the Constitution of 1936 which extended the right to vote to forces of bourgeois origin or reference, but mainly the electoral base shifted, from the workplace to place of residence, tactical moves towards capitalist governments on the part of the USSR. Did you know that basic Capitalist principles can be found in the Holy Bible? International imperialism was not reconciled with the correlation as was evidenced in the Agreements to end World War II. Most of the people who criticize capitalism advocate for socialism. -My Chemical Romance. I believe that the capitalism versus socialism disputes are, on the one hand, a specific legacy of the Cold War period which real socialism evidently lost, as real capitalism evidently won it. Such were its participation in the Genoa Conference, the Rapallo Treaty with Germany, which was experiencing the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, the attempt to reach out to China and the leader of the Kuomintang, Sun Yat-sen (whose name was given to a university in Moscow in 1925), but also other “anti-imperialist anti-colonial forces” – non-communist forces – in a number of countries, such as India, Persia, Afghanistan, South Africa, among others. Both socialism and capitalism are good in their own ways. Thank you for sharing this page with a friend! in the First World War. A key issue is how the foreign policy of the worker’s state under... ON THE ROLE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PERSONALITY. Capitalism emerged because of people’s undying desire become affluent. The Age of Ideology-Political Thought, 1750 to the Present. There are no barriers blocking one’s personal progress to become what they want to be. Laissez-faire economics is defined as “French for "let do," this phrase describes the capitalist economic system wherein business success and failure is determined from the course of events as they naturally occur, without government intervention. However, World War II is born of and a continuation of the First World War and to a great extent develops on European territory. Share this link with a friend: Copied! 1. Karl Marx believed that the capitalist regime needed to be destroyed; he advocated for a transitional system between capitalism and communism. And yet, the widespread counter-revolution and capitalization characterizing the end of the century were not correspondingly predictable. Favorite Quote:"All daring starts from within." a truce agreement, a trade agreement, diplomatic relations, etc. The main conclusion is that the poor, defined as having income in the lowest 10 percent of a country’s income distribution, do significantly better in economies with free markets, competition, and low state ownership. Works Cited Goodwin, Chuck. The above estimates  have been collectively adopted by the KKE and are analytically presented in a Congress text (the 18th KKE Congress) and even more extensively in the four-volume Essay on the History of the KKE (1918-1949) which was discussed and approved of by a Panhellenic Conference. While the majority of Western countries embrace capitalism, some of the Eastern countries continue exercising socialism. Compare Capitalism And Socialism. Capitalism versus Socialism In the theories developed by Karl Marx, socialism is considered the transitional period between capitalism and communism. Points of View: Capitalism vs. Socialism (2009): 1. It advocates for common ownership, classless society and redistribution of resources in a more egalitarian way. This means that a process take places that changes the correlation of the class struggle, between the working class and the popular forces on the one side, and the bourgeois, dominating till then, class on the other. Which of your works would you like to tell your friends about? They gained time, mainly in the period that was critical for the destabilization of bourgeois power 1944-1945. Once a society has been reorganized along socialist lines, a classless society with no government will develop. Points of View: Capitalism vs. Socialism (2009): 2. However, we must counter the corresponding negative effects where even in communist historiography, we may encounter exaggerations of exultation or condemnation of the particular personality characteristics of leader; e.g., even in the party documents of the CPSU we encounter particularly negative references in relation to the personality of N. Zachariadis. The society recognizes an individual as a private entity. Thus, the whole course of the Communist International  (CI) during the decade of the 1920s, until the manifestation of the global capitalist economic crisis (1929), was marked by this complexity of this balance of forces: A single socialist state, defeat of the revolutionary workers’ uprisings in European states (Germany, Hungary, Austria), weak communist parties or others within which there were forces which have not broken away from Social Democracy. The NEP was a plan of organized retreat regarding the elimination of capitalist relations, with their controlled existence in cases of small and medium-sized, for that time period, enterprises; with capitalists remaining in agricultural production, with the import of foreign capital. The conclusion is that the internal and international situation of the class struggle and the ability of the conscious vanguard to estimate both the correlation and interaction is important in all the phases of revolutionary activity, both during the revolution and in the first steps of its consolidation, as well as during socialist construction, after the consolidation of the revolution and for as long as the appropriate conditions have not been formed internationally so that a communist society can be completed. The escalation of the class struggle also affected the domestic situation in the Soviet Union. Fascism, by the way, is not as "right wing" as people think it is. 3. In order to fully and successfully present the argument, there are several terms that must be defined. The KKE, for 30 years now, has dared and dares, continuing its research, its study, the collective party discussion, comradely discussions with other CPs, always with the goal of strengthening the class struggle for socialism-communism. The imperialist character of World War II, that is, the war between imperialist states for the divvying up of markets, does not negate the fact that the fascist alliance, the Axis, also attacked the Soviet Union, the first and then, the only workers’ state. We are now in a position to form the conclusion that its advent is inevitable, specially if we accept the materialist interpretation of history with the help of dialectic. Because he was an eye doctor? Capitalism also has what is known as a free market economy, and with the free market economy come competition. Print. Yet, more generally, the history of the struggle, between different states of the same class character, will certainly show tactical maneuvers in foreign policy. On the other hand, in countries like Greece, the armed liberation struggle was entrapped in a line of agreement with bourgeois anti-fascist forces in Agreements like that of Lebanon, Caserta. But also, the outcome of the class struggle in countries such as Greece, to one degree or another, was influenced by the contradictions in the conception and policy of the “peaceful coexistence” of socialism with “democratic” and “peaceful” capitalist states, which were considered to be guided by political realism. The two political ideologies have different perceptions about freedom… in Finland, in Hungary, did not end in victory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1979. We do not consider it an easy task, despite the fact that the KKE, and other CPs, are oriented toward this effort. 5. The right-wing turn in the CPSU was justified as a liberation from the “cult of  personality”, while the corresponding turn in the KKE as a “condemnation of the sectarian line”, essentially renouncing the most heroic political action against domestic and foreign reactionary forces. The initial victory of the October Revolution did not provide Lenin, its theoretical and political leader, with the certainty that socialist construction would be consolidated in Russia if a victorious revolution in Germany did not follow. The merits of socialism given above should not lead us to the conclusion that socialist economy is all virtue. As we mentioned earlier, these became more complex during the period following the defeat of the revolutions of 1918-1923 in Europe. On the contrary, they fueled and hoped for such an attack, in order to achieve the overthrow of the workers’ state. However, the developments in the class struggle throughout all the 20th century proved to be more complex than the unquestionably glorious victories, such as the October Revolution, the resounding defeat of the fascist troops at Stalingrad (1943), the post-war transition of 8 countries in Central and Eastern Europe to socialist construction, the Chinese Revolution (1949), the Cuban Revolution  (1959), the defeat of American imperialism in Vietnam (1975). This main contrast sets a myriad of opposite postures that have a socio-economic and political impact. Those who want to succeed and put forth effort will do better than those who do not. Hitler was not a Communist. The ideologization of the foreign policy of the USSR, even its tactical maneuvering, also contributed to this, for which the CPSU itself is responsible. The "Nazi" party is the National Socialist German Worker's party. The Ribbentrop-Molotov Agreement (August 1939) came a year later in response to the Munich Pact. In the occupied one, e.g., resistance develops, armed struggle, in many cases the correlation changes within the process of the armed liberation struggle, such as in Greece, which was mainly led by the KKE, not the bourgeois class of Greece. The subsequent intensification of the class struggle in the USSR was also interrelated, in the effort at industrialization and collectivization, the isolation of the kulaks. But, it was also paid for by their own troops, such as the case of the USA in Vietnam. Capitalism allows individuals to make their own decisions and to earn their wages based upon the amount and the quality of work that they put forth on a daily basis, which supports the statement that one of capitalism’s main ideas is “private ownership and the acquisition of wealth through profit” (Goodwin). The orientation seems to concern – more intensely after World War II – semi-colonial countries, politically dependent ones, mainly in Asia and not in Europe. The prevalence of right-wing opportunism deliberately used the attack on leaders to change the general climate, knowing that the masses – not exempting  the vanguard  communist forces – tend to mythologize or demonize their leaders, attributing to them almost complete responsibility for victories or defeats respectively. From this perspective, the primary element in the post-war developments is related to the development of the domestic struggle in each country, and in this the internal structures must have a decisive say from the standpoint of the revolutionary labor movement, drawing to the greatest possible extent, the internationalist class solidarity of the communist movement or a socialist state or a group of socialist states. The Soviet documents, the documents of CPs of capitalist states, but also those of their International Conferences, and through the following decades, 1950, 1960, 1970, reveal the serious problem of a non-class interpretation of war and peace, that was described as  “peaceful co-existence” between socialist and capitalist states with a bourgeois democracy. Web. Laissez-faire policies could include low taxes, little government intervention, free markets, and private ownership of the means of production” (Walter). If an individual has a reason to want to succeed, then they will do their job to the best of their ability, which will, in turn, add to and improve the economy and quality of life of their country. Walter, Andrew. This is exactly what happened to Germany and several other countries. Thus, the Soviet Union remained the only socialist state in which external (imperialist) aggression/ counter-revolution fueled and strengthened the internal counter-revolutionary forces and actions for roughly two years. of Poland, of Yugoslavia), the negotiation for joint (between the UK, the US, the USSR) control of the post-war political developments in the defeated countries of the fascist Axis (e.g. Capitalism’s focus on competitive economics downplays social reform. Topics: Capitalism , Economic Inequality , Economy , Policy , Social Equality , Socialism , Wealth ; Category: Writing . Their brief reminder is included in order for the terrain to be better understood, the global correlation of forces when World War II was in its conception. While capitalism strongly supports private ownership and is unconcerned about equity, socialism claims otherwise. At the same time, they laid the foundations for new imperialist unions, economic and political ones (World Bank, IMF), transnational unions, such as the OECD, the UN, through which they would entrap Soviet foreign policy, weaken its class orientation. Yet also, the choice of the New Economic Policy (NEP)[1] after the end of imperialist intervention and the defeat of the counter-revolutionary movements was a temporary adaptation of socialist power and construction to exclusively capitalist surroundings. Capitalism and Socialism are two economic systems that have opposing views on the end goal and how to reach it. See CC of the KKE, 18th Congress of the KKE. Even to carry out negotiations during war, possibly with the goal of ending the war, ceasefire agreements that require international conventions, etc. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1979. Today, we must examine this issue with the analytical eye of the completed actions, so that we can become more penetrating, dialectical, less sentimental, examining complex facts together with the inclusion of historical facts. However, the elements of foreign policy of a socialist state in no way should be theoreticized or ideologized, to become elements of the strategy of the International Communist Movement, neither on the part of the USSR, nor on the part of the CPs of the capitalist countries. The workers’ revolutionary uprisings (the most characteristic being those of 1918 and 1919) did not have a victorious outcome, mainly due to the impossibility of a corresponding revolutionary preparation of the subjective factor. Capitalism. Their main argument being the fact that in 8 countries of Central and Eastern Europe “regimes of People’s Republics” were formed, some of which through their development came to be considered as a form of a revolutionary workers’ state, “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”. On this ground, the CI formulated a line of a “united workers’ front” and opened the way for cooperation between communists-social democrats initially “from below”, and then “from above”, as well as with bourgeois democratic forces, when fascism-nazism begins to ascend in Italy and in Germany in the 1930s. Socialism also differs from capitalism in that it is not controlled by the market—it has a planned economy. Many times, an individual will take advantage of the failing economy of a country and become a dictator, as Hitler did. the Truman Doctrine, which essentially signalled the Cold War, the Marshall Plan for the capitalist economic recovery of Europe, and in particular the FRG, and the subsequent founding of the NATO military-political alliance. Following this, the liberation by the Red Army of countries occupied by the Axis powers politically strengthened the domestic labor-popular forces. Of course, to a large extent the same is done by the bourgeois staff for their leaders, precisely to exploit this tendency of the masses, allowing them to perpetuate their power, by sacrificing even their figureheads. It is also a necessity, a prerequisite for its ideological-political, and in several countries, its organizational re-groupment,  its overall strengthening, for it to win to its side vanguard workers, the self-employed, youth  and university students,  to influence and attract whatever is the most advanced in the fields of science and art. Thank you! The formation of mixed governments (with bourgeois and communist forces), with a bourgeois-democratic program, is evident in the armistice agreements. Giovanni Gentille, a devout socialist, created fascism. Instead, the CPs of the USA, of the UK, of France, became perpetrators of the disastrous for the labor movement notion, the support of democratic anti-fascist or anti-monopoly bourgeois governments. Characteristics of capitalism domestic labor-popular forces of imperialist aggression was not only German ( or,. Advantage of the failing economy of a country to adapt to the Present work performed ” ( Walter.. 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